Understanding International Commercial Terms for efficient global trade.
理解国际商业术语，实现高效全球贸易。
Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) are a set of internationally recognized rules that define the responsibilities of sellers and buyers for the delivery of goods under sales contracts. Published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), these terms clarify the costs, risks, and responsibilities of each party involved in domestic and international transactions.
国际贸易术语（Incoterms）是一套国际公认的规则，用于定义销售合同下卖方和买方对货物交付的责任。由国际商会（ICC）发布，这些术语明确了国内和国际交易中各方的成本、风险和责任。
The current version, Incoterms 2020, came into effect on January 1, 2020, replacing the previous Incoterms 2010. Understanding these terms is crucial for anyone involved in international trade to ensure smooth transactions and avoid costly misunderstandings.
当前版本，国际贸易术语2020，于2020年1月1日生效，取代了之前的国际贸易术语2010。理解这些术语对于参与国际贸易的任何人来说都至关重要，以确保交易顺利进行并避免代价高昂的误解。
| Incoterm | 贸易术语 | Seller's Responsibility | 卖方责任 | Buyer's Responsibility | 买方责任 | Risk Transfer Point | 风险转移点 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXW | Make goods available at seller's premises | 在卖方场所使货物可用 | All transportation and customs clearance | 所有运输和清关 | At seller's premises | 在卖方场所 | |
| FOB | Deliver goods on board the vessel | 将货物交付到船上 | Main carriage and import clearance | 主要运输和进口清关 | When goods are on board the vessel | 当货物在船上时 | |
| CIF | Pay for carriage, insurance to destination port | 支付运费、保险至目的港 | Unloading and import clearance | 卸货和进口清关 | When goods are loaded on the vessel | 当货物装上船时 | |
| DAP | Deliver to named destination, not unloaded | 交付至指定目的地，未卸货 | Import clearance and unloading | 进口清关和卸货 | At named destination, before unloading | 在指定目的地，卸货前 | |
| DDP | Deliver to destination, cleared for import, duties paid | 交付至目的地，已清关进口，已付关税 | Unloading at destination | 在目的地卸货 | At named destination, before unloading | 在指定目的地，卸货前 |
The main changes include: DAT (Delivered at Terminal) was replaced by DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded); increased security requirements; changes to insurance coverage in CIF and CIP; and FCA now accommodates on-board bills of lading with letter of credit transactions.
主要变化包括：DAT（目的地交货）被DPU（目的地卸货交货）取代；增加了安全要求；CIF和CIP中的保险范围发生变化；FCA现在可以在信用证交易中使用船上提单。
EXW (Ex Works) is generally most favorable for exporters as it places minimum responsibility on the seller. The seller only needs to make the goods available at their premises, with the buyer responsible for all transportation, export/import clearance, and associated risks.
EXW（工厂交货）通常对出口商最有利，因为它对卖方的责任最小。卖方只需在其场所使货物可用，买方负责所有运输、出口/进口清关和相关风险。
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) is generally most favorable for importers as it places maximum responsibility on the seller. The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the named destination, cleared for import and with all duties paid.
DDP（完税后交货）通常对进口商最有利，因为它对卖方的责任最大。卖方负责将货物运送到指定目的地，已清关进口并支付所有关税。
Incoterms become legally binding only when incorporated into the sales contract with explicit reference to the chosen Incoterm and version (e.g., "FOB Shanghai Incoterms 2020"). It's important to clearly specify the exact delivery location along with the Incoterm.
国际贸易术语只有在明确引用所选贸易术语和版本（例如，"FOB上海国际贸易术语2020"）并纳入销售合同时才具有法律约束力。重要的是要明确指定与贸易术语一起的确切交货地点。
Our logistics experts can help you navigate the complexities of international trade terms and ensure your shipments are handled correctly according to your chosen Incoterms.
我们的物流专家可以帮助您应对国际贸易术语的复杂性，并确保您的货物按照您选择的国际贸易术语正确处理。
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